B.8 Identify and distinguish among unconditioned, conditioned, and generalized punishers.

A previously neutral stimulus that now functions as a punisher because of prior pairing with one or more other punishing stimuli.

A type of conditioned punisher that has been paired with many unconditioned and conditioned punishers. Hint: The thing about a frown is that it’s been paired with a lot of

A stimulus change that decreases the frequency of any behavior immediately preceding it regardless of the organism’s learning history with that stimulus.