When the model is the only controlling variable for an imitative behavior, which is necessary for the response to be considered imitation.

Learning that occurs through indirect contact with the consequences experienced by other people (e.g., observing another person emit a response and the subsequent consequences for that response informs the observer’s

In imitation training, this is the model established in advance for the purpose of helping a person develop certain skills by observing others perform a behavior.

These are the naturally occurring models that exist in a person’s daily life and community settings that evoke imitative behaviors.