Avoidance contingency
When a behavior prevents the onset of aversive stimulus.
B.4 Identify and distinguish between positive and negative reinforcement contingencies.
Dana Do’s: Let’s Clear Up the Confusion Between Punishment and Reinforcement
The concepts of punishment and reinforcement can sometimes confuse exam candidates. PTB co-founder Dana Meller clears things up, explaining nuances between the two and sharing her tips for making better discriminations on exam day.
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Discriminated avoidance
A signaled (SD) contingency for behavior that indicates that engaging in the behavior will prevent and/or delay the onset of an aversive stimulus. Hint: In Los Angeles, when the weather
Free-operant avoidance
When the contingency for behavior is that it prevents and/or delays the onset of an aversive stimulus. The avoidant response occurs without the presence of a signal/SD and can occur
Negative reinforcement
A process that occurs when a behavior is followed immediately by the reduction or removal of a stimulus that increases the future frequency of that and similar behaviors under similar
Positive reinforcement
A process that occurs when a behavior is followed immediately by the presentation of a stimulus that increases the future frequency of that and similar behaviors under similar conditions.
Reinforcement
A stimulus change following a behavior leading to said behavior occurring more often or strengthening the duration, latency, magnitude, or topography of said behavior in the future.