Differential Reinforcement Procedure for Problem Behavior Reduction

Question: What DR procedure are you using, if you are trying to reduce the rate of a problem behavior by setting a minimum IRT criteria for reinforcement, where anything less will not result in reinforcement? Answer: DRL or spaced-responding DRL.

Differential reinforcement (specifically DRL– the ‘L’ stands for lower rates of responding, which is what I think confuses people) targets these lower rates by setting IRT criteria for the client to meet. With DRL, the IRT criteria has to be met at minimum. It has to be the minimum or more to contact reinforcement. Anything less than the criteria that is set does not meet criteria and, therefore, will not be met with reinforcement but instead extinction. That’s what throws people off. We’re thinking bigger IRT; that sounds like an increase. But in DRL, it’s lower rates. What you need to remember is the functional relationship between IRT and rate. A higher IRT means lower rate. If I set a high IRT criteria, anything above that or more, I’m essentially targeting a decrease in the rate of response.

  • B-5   Define and provide examples of schedules of reinforcement.
  • G-14   Use reinforcement procedures to weaken behavior (e.g., DRA, FCT, DRO, DRL, NCR).
  • Differential Reinforcement
  • MiniBig A & B
  • MiniBig G & H
  • Section B
  • Section B-5
  • Section G
  • Section G-14
  • Related Content

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  • Differential reinforcement of high rates of responding (DRH)
    A differential reinforcement procedure that is a variation of basic intermittent schedules of reinforcement. Reinforcement is delivered when an individual engages in a behavior at/or above a pre-established rate during …

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  • Alternative schedules of reinforcement
    A compound schedule of reinforcement in which reinforcement is delivered when the requirement of either a ratio or interval schedule is met, regardless of which of the component schedule requirements …

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  • Conjunctive schedules of reinforcement
    A compound schedule of reinforcement in which reinforcement is delivered when the completion of the response requirements for both a ratio and interval schedule have been met.
  • ABA terms you need to know: adjunctive behaviors.Adjunctive behaviors
    Behaviors that that occur in between the provision of reinforcement when reinforcement isn’t available and are maintained independent of reinforcement contingencies, but exist due to the contingencies being available for …

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  • ABA terms you need to know: matching law.Matching law
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  • Delays to reinforcement schedule
    A variation of basic intermittent schedules of reinforcement in which reinforcement for correct responding is delayed for the purpose of teaching self-control, tolerance of delayed gratification, functional communication, etc.
  • Concurrent schedules of reinforcement
    A compound schedule of reinforcement in which clients choose between two or more behaviors associated with different signaled (SD) schedules of reinforcement that are correlated with each behavior option.
  • Multiple schedules of reinforcement
    A compound schedule of reinforcement in which two or more basic schedules of reinforcement are in effect and alternated in a random sequence for one or more behaviors. An SD …

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  • Chained schedules of reinforcement
    A compound schedule of reinforcement in which a sequence of two or more signaled (SD) basic schedules of reinforcement must be met successively for the response to contact reinforcement.
  • Mixed schedules of reinforcement
    A compound schedule of reinforcement in which two or more un-signaled (No SDs) basic schedules of reinforcement are in effect in an alternating, random sequence for one or more behaviors.
  • ABA terms you need to know: tandem scheduleTandem schedules of reinforcement
    A compound schedule of reinforcement in which two or more un-signaled (No SD) basic schedules of reinforcement are in effect and must be met successively for the response to contact …

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  • Fixed interval schedule (FI)
    A basic schedule of intermittent reinforcement in which a fixed amount of time must elapse before a single correct response produces reinforcement.
  • Variable interval schedule (VI)
    A basic schedule of intermittent reinforcement in which a variable amount of time must elapse before a single correct response produces reinforcement.
  • Ratio strain
    When challenging behaviors reemerge because of an abruptly thinned reinforcement schedule.
  • Limited hold
    A component that can be added to a schedule of reinforcement limiting access to reinforcement for correct responses that occur within a specific and fixed time.
  • Lag schedule of reinforcement
    A variation of basic intermittent schedules of reinforcement in which reinforcement is delivered for any response that differs in topography, sequence, etc., from a previously reinforced response.
  • Progressive schedule of reinforcement
    A variation of basic intermittent schedules of reinforcement in which the criteria for reinforcement is systematically increased, independent of the client’s behavior, until responding stops (the breaking point).
  • Fixed ratio schedule (FR)
    A basic schedule of intermittent reinforcement in which a fixed number of correct responses must be emitted for reinforcement to be delivered.
  • Variable ratio schedule (VR)
    A basic schedule of intermittent reinforcement in which a variable number of correct responses must be emitted for reinforcement to be delivered.
  • Consequence
    A stimulus change that comes after a behavior.
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  • Differential negative reinforcement of incompatible or alternative behavior (DNRI & DNRA)
    A differential reinforcement procedure used to reduce or eliminate challenging behavior that involves withholding negative reinforcement for the occurrence of the challenging behavior and providing negative reinforcement for a functionally …

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  • Differential reinforcement of other behavior (DRO)
    A differential reinforcement procedure in which reinforcement is delivered contingent on the absence/omission of the challenging behavior during a specific time period or moment in time.
  • Differential reinforcement of low rates of responding (DRL)
    A differential reinforcement procedure that is a variation of basic intermittent schedules of reinforcement. Reinforcement is delivered when an individual engages in a behavior at/or below a pre-established rate during …

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  • Differential reinforcement
    Procedures used to eliminate, reduce, and increase behaviors that involve providing reinforcement for one response class and withholding reinforcement for the occurrence of challenging behavior above or below a pre-determined …

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  • Differential reinforcement of alternative behavior (DRA)
    A differential reinforcement procedure used to eliminate challenging behaviors. It involves withholding reinforcement for the occurrence of the challenging behavior and providing reinforcement for a specific functionally equivalent alternative behavior.
  • Differential reinforcement of incompatible behavior (DRI)
    A variation of the differential reinforcement of alternative behavior procedures used to eliminate challenging behaviors. It involves withholding reinforcement for the occurrence of the challenging behavior and providing reinforcement for …

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  • ABA terms you need to know: functional communication training.Functional communication training (FCT)
    A differential reinforcement procedure that trains an alternative communication response to replace a functionally-equivalent challenging behavior.
  • Noncontingent reinforcement (NCR)
    A contingency independent antecedent intervention during which reinforcers that maintain challenging behavior are delivered on a fixed or variable schedule, thereby abolishing (AO) the motivation for the client to engage …

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  • Fixed time
    A time-based schedule of noncontingent reinforcement delivery. It sets a fixed amount of time between the delivery of noncontingent reinforcers.
  • Variable time
    A time-based schedule of noncontingent reinforcement delivery. It sets an average amount of time between the delivery of noncontingent reinforcers.
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  • Breaking Down a Mock BCBA® Exam Question: Replication Using the Dimensions of ABABreaking Down a Mock BCBA® Exam Question: Replication Using the Dimensions of ABA
    Test your Philosophical Underpinnings knowledge with PTB co-founder Dana Meller as she reviews a BCBA® mock exam question about identifying the specific dimension of ABA that ensures behavior analytic work can be replicated. Included is a description of behavioral, conceptually systematic, effective, and technological. As an added bonus, Dana shares a clever exercise that helps have better clarity on the purpose of each dimensions. Refer to BCBA® Task List (5th ed.) Section A-5: Describe and define the dimensions of applied behavior analysis (Baer, Wolf, & Risley, 1968).
  • Test your ABA Terminology: Name the Conditioned Motivating Operation (CMO) in This ScenarioTest your ABA Terminology ➠ Name the Conditioned Motivating Operation (CMO) in This Scenario
    Test your knowledge of ABA concepts and principles as PTB co-founder Dana Meller reviews a memorable question about the specific conditioned motivating operation (CMO) described in the scenario, as well as provides additional examples. Included are a description of the CMO pairing process and the resulting behavior and value-altering effects acquired through the pairing process. As a BONUS, Dana shares a tip that will help you on the Big Exam with questions related to CMO. BCBA® Task List (5th ed.) Section B-12: Define and provide examples of motivating operations.
  • Breaking Down a Mock BCBA® Exam Question: Negative Reinforcement ContingenciesBreaking Down a Mock BCBA® Exam Question: Negative Reinforcement Contingencies
    Test your Concepts and Principles skills with PTB co-founder Dana Meller as she reviews a BCBA® mock exam question about negative reinforcement. Included is a description of CMOS, free operant avoidance, and discriminated avoidance, as well as corresponding detailed examples. Refer to BCBA® Task List (5th ed.) Section B-4: Define and provide examples of positive and negative reinforcement contingencies.
  • Mock BCBA® Exam Question Breakdown: Identify the Best Example of Response GeneralizationBreak Down a Mock BCBA® Exam Question: Identify the Best Example of Response Generalization
    Test your concepts and principles skills with PTB co-founder Dana Meller as she reviews a BCBA® mock exam question about response generalization. Dana highlights the differences between response generalization vs. stimulus generalization and shares a good rule of thumb for evaluating a response generalization scenario. Refer to BCBA® Task List (5th ed.) Section B-11: Define and provide examples of discrimination, generalization, and maintenance.
  • Test your ABA Terminology: MO vs. SDTest your ABA Terminology ➠ MO vs Sᵈ
    Test your understanding of antecedents and behavior change with PTB co-founder Dana Meller. Here she explains the distinction between Sᵈs and MOs, explores their evocative function, and discusses how they can alter our behavioral repertoire when combined. Through relatable examples, Dana illustrates the importance of understanding the interplay between Sᵈs and MOs in behavior change. Refer to BCBA® Task List (5th ed.) Sections B-10: Define and provide examples of stimulus control and B-12: Define and provide examples of motivating operations.
  • Break Down a BCBA® Mock Exam Question: Use the Dimensions of ABA to Identify, "What Makes Us Behavioral?"Break Down a BCBA® Mock Exam Question: Use the Dimensions of ABA to Identify, "What Makes Us Behavioral?"
    Test your Philosophical Underpinnings knowledge with PTB co-founder Dana Meller as she reviews a BCBA® mock exam question that breaks down the dimensions of ABA, identifying the specific dimension that describes the defining features of a behavior analyst. Included is a description of each of the answer options, determinism, empiricism, applied, and behavioral. Refer to the BCBA® Task List (5th ed.) Section A-5: Describe and define the dimensions of applied behavior analysis (Baer, Wolf, & Risley, 1968).
  • Programming for Generalization: Expanding Skills Beyond the Learning EnvironmentProgramming for Generalization: Expanding Skills Beyond the Learning Environment
    There are seven ways to program for generalization. PTB co-founder Dana Meller dives into "Indiscriminable Contingencies". Refer to BCBA® Task List (5th ed.) Sections B-11: Define and provide examples of discrimination, generalization, and maintenance; G-21: Use procedures to promote stimulus and response generalization.
  • Test your ABA Terminology: Understanding Behavior-Altering EffectsTest your ABA Terminology ➠ Understanding Behavior-Altering Effects
    Test your terminology. PTB co-founder Dana Meller explains the umbrella term, "Motivating Operations" and breaks down the sub-categories. Refer to BCBA® Task List (5th ed.) Section B-12: Define and provide examples of motivating operations.
  • Hungry by Association: The Conditioned Motivating Operation Behind TV Ad CravingsHungry by Association: The Conditioned Motivating Operation Behind TV Ad Cravings
    Put your knowledge of motivating operations to the test. PTB co-founder Dana Meller dives into a specific type of CMO and explains how seemingly innocuous visuals on TV ads can trigger a state of deprivation for the advertised item, resembling the effects of an unconditioned motivating operation. Dana presents an intriguing example highlighting the process of pairing and the associations that can unexpectedly ignite intense cravings. Refer to BCBA® Task List (5th ed.) Sections B-12: Define and provide examples of motivating operations and G-2 Use interventions based on motivating operations and discriminative stimuli.
  • BCBA® Mock Exam Question: Understanding Respondent-Operant InteractionsBreaking Down a BCBA® Mock Exam Question: Understanding Respondent-Operant Interactions
    Test your behavior-change procedures skills with PTB co-founder Dana Meller as she reviews a BCBA® mock exam question that explores respondent-operant interactions, comparing and contrasting habilitation, habituation and adaptation, with an emphasis on the importance of reinforcement. The breakdown touches on operant conditioning and its role in behavior change. Refer to BCBA® Task List (5th ed.) Section B-3: Define and provide examples of respondent and operant conditioning.
  • Verbal Operants: Understanding the Roles of Speaker and Listener in a ConversationVerbal Operants: Understanding the Roles of Speaker and Listener in a Conversation
    Test your verbal behavior knowledge with PTB co-founder Dana Meller as she reviews verbal operants, the roles of the speaker and listener. Refer to BCBA® Task List (5th ed.) Section B-14: Define and provide examples of the verbal operants
  • Test your ABA Terminology: Identify the Stimulus ClassTest your ABA Terminology ➠ Identify the Stimulus Class
    Test your knowledge of concepts and principles as PTB co-founder Dana Meller reviews a question about identifying a specific type of stimulus class, and the features associated with the three main stimulus class variations. Refer to BCBA® Task List (5th ed.) Section B-2: Define and provide examples of stimulus and stimulus class.
  • BCBA® Mock Exam Question Breakdown: Understanding Respondent ConditioningBreaking Down a BCBA® Mock Exam Question: Understanding Respondent Conditioning
    Test your concepts and principles skills with PTB co-founder Dana Meller as she reviews a BCBA® mock exam question about respondent conditioning, breaking down the process. Refer to BCBA® Task List (5th ed.) Section B-3: Define and provide examples of respondent and operant conditioning.
  • Test Your ABA Terminology: What Are The 3 Types of ExtinctionTest Your ABA Terminology ➠ What Are The 3 Types of Extinction?
    Test your knowledge of Concepts & Principles and Behavior-Change Procedures with PTB co-founder Dana Meller as she reviews the different types of operant extinction procedures. Refer to BCBA® Task List (5th ed.) Sections B-9: Define and provide examples of operant extinction, G-15: Use extinction.
  • Mastering the ABCs of BehaviorPTB's Special ABA Sauce: Mastering the ABCs of Behavior
    Test your understanding of the ABCs of Behavior with PTB co-founder Dana Meller as she analyzes a tasty scenario to identify the MO, SD, prompt, behavior, and consequence using PTB's special ABC breakdown method. Discover how ordering extra sauce serves as a perfect example to unravel the intricate relationship between MOs, deprivation, SDs, and reinforcement. Refer to BCBA® Task List (5th ed.) Sections B-1: Define and provide examples of behavior, response, and response class, B-10: Define and provide examples of stimulus control, B-12: Define and provide examples of motivating operations and G-4: Use stimulus and response prompts and fading (e.g., errorless, most-to-least, least-to-most, prompt delay, stimulus fading).
  • If a response prompt and a stimulus prompt both prompt correct responses, what is the difference?Dana Do's: What's the Difference Between Response vs. Stimulus Prompts?
    If a response prompt and a stimulus prompt both prompt correct responses, what is the difference?
  • Dana Do's: Do Alternative Behaviors Need to be Functionally Equivalent?
    Do alternative behaviors always have to be functionally equivalent to the target behavior that we're trying to reduce or eliminate? PTB co-founder Dana Meller breaks in down.
  • Three group contingencies.Dana Do's: Which Group Contingency Do I Use?
    PTB co-founder Dana Meller distills the three different interventions, related by the group. Refer to BCBA® Task List (5th ed.) Section G-18: Use group contingencies.
  • It's particularly meaningful to be able to tell validity, social validity, internal and external validity apart.Dana Do's: How to Decipher the Many Forms of Validity
    It's particularly meaningful to be able to tell validity, social validity, internal and external validity apart. PTB co-founder Dana Meller has some tips to do just that.
  • What chaining methods to use on what behaviors.Dana Do's: What Chaining Method to Use When?
    The books don't really say much about what chaining methods BCBA's should apply to what behaviors. PTB co-founder Dana Meller breaks it down. Refer to BCBA® Task List (5th ed.) Section G-8: Use chaining.
  • BCBA® Mock Exam Question: Contingency Contracting ComponentsBreaking Down a BCBA® Mock Exam Question: Contingency Contracting Components
    Let's break down a BCBA® mock exam question about contingency contracts and their importance in behavior management. PTB co-founder Dana Meller explains the three essential elements of a contingency contract and how they can be effectively implemented to achieve behavior change. Refer to BCBA® Task List (5th ed.) Section G-19: Use contingency contracting.
  • Matching-to-Sample Procedures: Test Your Knowledge and Challenge YourselfMatching-to-Sample Procedures: Test Your Knowledge and Challenge Yourself
    PTB co-founder Dana Meller reviews matching-to-sample procedures, focusing on one specific method where stimuli are not physically identical but have a symbolic relationship. Refer to BCBA® Task List (5th ed.) Section G-12: Use equivalence-based instruction.
  • Advice for when you're stuck prepping for the BCBA® exam.Dana Do's: How to Get Unstuck When Studying for the BCBA®
    PTB co-founder Dana Meller explains how to use Multiple Exemplar training to improve your exam application skills. BCBA® Task List (5th ed.) Section: G-21 Use procedures to promote stimulus and response generalization.
  • Response Blocking vs. Extinction. BACB Task List Section G-16: Use positive and negative punishment (e.g., time-out, response cost, overcorrection).Dana Do's: Response Blocking vs. Extinction
    Want an easy way to make the correct discrimination between response blocking and extinction? PTB co-founder Dana Meller borrows from the #starwars universe to help explain. BCBA® Task List (5th ed.) Section: G-16 Use positive and negative punishment (e.g., time-out, response cost, overcorrection).
  • A Prompt to Understand PromptingDana Do's: Need a Prompt to Understand Prompting?
    PTB co-founder Dana Meller shares a trick for discriminating between response and stimulus prompts. BCBA® Task List (5th ed.) Section G-4: Use stimulus and response prompts and fading (e.g., errorless, most-to-least, least-to-most, prompt delay, stimulus fading)
  • Antecedent Intervention: Increasing Compliance with the Art of TimingAntecedent Intervention ➠ Increasing Compliance with the Art of Timing
    PTB co-founder Dana Meller discusses the high-probability request sequence (high-p). Learn how the high-p serves as an effective antecedent intervention and compliance-building strategy. Refer to BCBA® Task List (5th ed.) Sections G-2: Use interventions based on motivating operations and discriminative stimuli; and G-13: Use the high-probability instructional sequence.
  • ABA Terminology: Conditioned ReinforderTest your ABA Terminology ➠ Identify the Type of Conditioned Reinforcer in This Scenario
    PTB co-founder Dana Meller reviews a specific type of conditioned reinforcer. Included is a description of generalized conditioned reinforcers and corresponding examples. Additionally, Dana shares a good rule of thumb for your exam about which stimuli are always identified as generalized conditioned reinforcers. Refer to BCBA® Task List (5th ed.) Section G-3: Establish and use conditioned reinforcers.
  • Test your Knowledge of ABA Educational Methodologies: Exploring PSI & Key ConceptsTest your Knowledge of ABA Educational Methodologies ➠ Exploring PSI & Key Concepts
    Test your instructional methodologies knowledge. PTB co-founder Dana Meller discusses PSI (Personalized System of Instruction), highlighting essential keywords and key figures associated with PSI to enhance your understanding of this personalized approach to effective learning. Refer to BCBA® Task List (5th ed.) Section G-9: Use discrete-trial, free-operant, and naturalistic teaching arrangements.
  • ABA Terminology: Unwanted EffectsTest your ABA Terminology ➠ Unwanted Effects in Responding
    Test your knowledge of reinforcement and punishment procedures. PTB co-founder Dana Meller addresses the temporary effect in responding that is expected to occur during the implementation of the treatment procedures. Included, Dana contrasts the occurrence of a temporary increase in challenging behavior in an extinction procedure. Refer to BCBA® Task List (5th ed.) Section H-5: Plan for possible unwanted effects when using reinforcement, extinction, and punishment procedures.
  • Programming Common StimuliDana Do's: Programming Common Stimuli
    PTB co-founder Dana Meller talks about programming common stimuli and how this method can help students feel more prepared on exam day. Refer to Task List section G-21: Use procedures to promote stimulus and response generalization.
  • Break Down a Mock BCBA® Exam Question: Using Physical Guidance to Prompt a ResponseBreaking Down a Mock BCBA® Exam Question: Using Physical Guidance to Prompt a Response
    PTB co-founder Dana Meller breaks down BCBA® mock exam question about prompting, a response utilizing physical guidance. Included is a description of graduated guidance, least-to-most, and most-to-least prompting methods, as well as stimulus shape transformations. Refer to BCBA® Task List (5th ed.) Section G-4: Use stimulus and response prompts and fading (e.g., errorless, most-to-least, least-to-most, prompt delay, stimulus fading).
  • Test your ABA Terminology:Types of Unwanted Treatment Side Effects ExplainedTest your ABA Terminology ➠ Types of Unwanted Treatment Side Effects Explained
    Test your knowledge of planning interventions with PTB co-founder Dana Meller as she explained the types of unwanted treatment side effects. Also included is a description of the two types of contrast effects, positive behavioral contrast and negative behavioral contrast, as well as corresponding examples. Refer to BCBA® Task List (5th ed.) Section H-5: Plan for possible unwanted effects when using reinforcement, extinction, and punishment procedures.
  • Breaking Down a Mock BCBA® Exam Question About Prompt DependenceBreaking Down a Mock BCBA® Exam Question: Prompt Dependence
    Test your Behavior-Change Procedures skills with PTB co-founder Dana Meller as she breaks down a BCBA® mock exam question about how prompt dependence is defined, and a scenario that identifies prompt dependence. Refer to BCBA® Task List (5th ed.) Section G-4: Use stimulus and response prompts and fading (e.g., errorless, most-to-least, least-to-most, prompt delay, stimulus fading).
  • Test your ABA Terminology: Identify the Difference Between Two Ways to Fade ResponseTest your ABA Terminology ➠ Identify the Difference Between Two Ways to Fade Response Prompts
    PTB co-founder Dana Meller explains with examples, the distinction between two fade response prompts. Refer to BCBA® Task List (5th ed.) Section G-4: Use stimulus and response prompts and fading (e.g., errorless, most-to-least, least-to-most, prompt delay, stimulus fading).
  • Mock BCBA® Exam Question Breakdown: Identify a Contingency Independent InterventionBreak Down a Mock BCBA® Exam Question: Identify a Contingency Independent Intervention
    PTB co-founder Dana Meller breaks down the differences between contingency-independent and contingency-dependent interventions. Refer to BCBA® Task List (5th ed.) Section G-2: Use interventions based on motivating operations and discriminative stimuli.
  • Test your ABA Terminology: Identify the Type of Discrete Trial Teaching (DTT) in This ScenarioTest your ABA Terminology ➠ Identify the Type of Discrete Trial Teaching (DTT)
    PTB co-founder Dana Meller covers the background of DTT and breaks down the four types. Refer to BCBA® Task List (5th ed.) Section G-9: Use discrete-trial, free-operant, and naturalistic teaching arrangements.
  • Breaking Down a BCBA® Mock Exam Question: Behavioral MomentumBreaking Down a Mock BCBA® Exam Question: Behavioral Momentum
    PTB co-founder Dana Meller breaks down a BCBA® mock exam question. Refer to BCBA® Task List (5th ed.) Sections G-2: Use interventions based on motivating operations and discriminative stimuli; G-13: Use the high-probability instructional sequence.
  • Test your ABA Terminology: Programming for GeneralizationTest your ABA Terminology ➠ Programming for Generalization
    Test your knowledge of behavior-change procedures as PTB co-founder Dana Meller discusses generative learning and programming for generalization. Dana explains one of the nine procedures for achieving generalization that emphasizes the need to generalize the response across similar stimuli, while recognizing that different stimuli may require different responses. NOTE: Here, Dana mentions there are seven methods for programming for generalization, which is consistent with the literature for the 4th Edition Task List. But, for the 5th Edition Task List, there are additional methods. Refer to BCBA® Task List (5th ed.) Sections G-12: Use equivalence-based instruction and G-21 Use procedures to promote stimulus and response generalization.
  • Dana Do's: How to Determine Value vs. Behavior Altering Effect
    A motivating operation is not a thing that you hold in your hand. It is the state or condition of being deprived of something or satiated with something. PTB co-founder Dana Meller dives into the in-the-moment effects to help explain the difference.
  • Dana Do's: Discriminating Between Masking and Overshadowing
    PTB co-founder Dana Meller offers detailed examples to help students better discriminate between two often confusing concepts: masking vs. overshadowing.
  • Dana Do's: Confused About Automatic and Socially Mediated Reinforcement?
    It’s not wrong to associate sterotypic behaviors with automatic reinforcement— but there are other factors to consider. PTB co-founder Dana Meller offers a quick explainer to clear up the confusion. Refer to BCBA® Task List (5th ed.) Section B-7: Define and provide examples of automatic and socially mediated contingencies.
  • The concepts of punishment and reinforcement can sometimes confuse exam candidates. PTB co-founder Dana Meller clears things up, explaining nuances between the two and sharing her tips for making better discriminations on exam day. Refer to BCBA® Task List (5th ed.) Sections B-4: Define and provide examples of positive and negative reinforcement contingencies and B-6: Define and provide examples of positive and negative punishment contingencies.Dana Do's: Let's Clear Up the Confusion Between Punishment and Reinforcement
    The concepts of punishment and reinforcement can sometimes confuse exam candidates. PTB co-founder Dana Meller clears things up, explaining nuances between the two and sharing her tips for making better discriminations on exam day.
  • ABA terms you need to know: contiguityMaster your ABA Terminology ➠ Exploring Contiguity & the Importance of Timing
    Let's take a quick dive into the concept of contiguity, in both respondent and operant conditioning. PTB co-founder Dana Meller explains its significance in understanding behavior change processes. Refer to BCBA® Task List (5th ed.) Section B-3: Define and provide examples of respondent and operant conditioning.
  • The connection between environment & behavior.Breaking Down the Intricate Connection Between Environment & Behavior
    PTB co-founder Dana Meller discusses the term environment in connection with a term defined as a physical event that influences how individuals interact with the world around them Refer to BCBA® Task List (5th ed.) Section B-2: Define and provide examples of stimulus and stimulus class.
  • ABA Terminology Challenge ➠ Respondent-Operant Interactions
    PTB co-founder Dana Meller discusses the simultaneous occurrence of respondent and operant conditioning, clarifying the differences between the two and how they influence behavior. Refer to BCBA® Task List (5th ed.) Section B-3: Define and provide examples of respondent and operant conditioning.
  • Let's break down a BCBA® mock exam question: satiated vs satisfied.Let's Break Down a BCBA® Mock Exam Question: Satiated and Satisfied— Understanding Motivating Operations
    Sharpen your ABA principles skills as PTB co-founder Dana Meller breaks down a BCBA® mock exam question about motivating operations (MOs) and their influence on behavior. Learn the process of identifying the correct answer while gaining a deeper understanding of MOs and their behavior-altering effects. Refer to BCBA® Task List (5th ed.) Section B-12: Define and provide examples of motivating operations.
  • PTB co-founder Dana Meller discusses two concepts that fall under negative reinforcement, breaks down their differences, and explains how they operate in various situations. Refer to BCBA® Task List (5th ed.) Sections B-4: Define and provide examples of positive and negative reinforcement contingencies; and G-1: Use positive and negative reinforcement procedures to strengthen behavior.Don't Get Caught in the Rain...Without Your Negative Reinforcement Umbrella
    PTB co-founder Dana Meller discusses two concepts that fall under negative reinforcement, breaks down their differences, and explains how they operate in various situations. Refer to BCBA® Task List (5th ed.) Sections B-4: Define and provide examples of positive and negative reinforcement contingencies; and G-1: Use positive and negative reinforcement procedures to strengthen behavior.
  • Discover how environmental variable evokes problem-solving behaviors to gain access to the desired item. With real-life examples, PTB co-founder Dana Meller sheds light on the significance of this variable in manding programs and various situations. Refer to BCBA® Task List (5th ed.) Section B-12: Define and provide examples of motivating operations.Supercharge Your Problem-Solving Skills to Identify the CMO in the Scenario
    Discover how environmental variable evokes problem-solving behaviors to gain access to the desired item. With real-life examples, PTB co-founder Dana Meller sheds light on the significance of this variable in manding programs and various situations. Refer to BCBA® Task List (5th ed.) Section B-12: Define and provide examples of motivating operations.
  • ABA terms you need to know: negative reinforcement vs. extinction.ABA Terminology Challenge ➠ Negative Punishment vs. Extinction
    PTB co-founder Dana Meller provides insight to better understand why these concepts can be confusing, despite both leading to a decrease in behavior. Refer to BCBA® Task List (5th ed.) Sections B-6: Define and provide examples of positive and negative punishment contingencies; and B-9: Define and provide examples of operant extinction.
  • Motivating Operations ➠ Exploring the Future Impact of Behavior
    PTB co-founder Dana Meller discusses a powerful concept that explores the influence of consequences on behavior in the presence of an MO. Refer to BCBA® Task List (5th ed.) Section B-12: Define and provide examples of motivating operations.
  • Let's break down a BCBA® mock exam question about stimulus controlLet's Break Down a BCBA® Mock Exam Question: Stimulus Control & Game-Changing Learning Factors
    PTB co-founder Dana Meller breaks down a BCBA® mock exam question that distills the factors that affect stimulus control in behavior analysis. Refer to BCBA® Task List (5th ed.) Section B-10: Define and provide examples of stimulus control.
  • PTB co-founder Dana Meller clarifies the concepts, providing examples to help better understand these crucial distinctions and addresses common misconceptions between point-to-point correspondence and formal similarity. Refer to BCBA® Task List (5th ed.) Section B-14: Define and provide examples of the verbal operants.Test your Verbal Behavior Terminology ➠ Point-to-Point Correspondence vs. Formal Similarity
    PTB co-founder Dana Meller clarifies the concepts, providing examples to help better understand these crucial distinctions and addresses common misconceptions between point-to-point correspondence and formal similarity. Refer to BCBA® Task List (5th ed.) Section B-14: Define and provide examples of the verbal operants.
  • PTB co-founder Dana Meller discusses the concept of stimulus control, explaining the function of the Sᴰ.Coffee Quandary: Stimulus Control & Absence of Reinforcement in the Pursuit of Hydration
    PTB co-founder Dana Meller discusses the concept of stimulus control, explaining the function of the Sᴰ. Refer to BCBA® Task List (5th ed.) Section B-10: Define and provide examples of stimulus control.
  • ABA terms you need to know.Test your ABA Terminology ➠ Operant vs. Respondent Extinction
    PTB co-founder Dana Meller explains the differences between operant and respondent extinction procedures and how these procedures reduce challenging behaviors and diminish reflex responses in behavior management and conditioning. Refer to BCBA® Task List (5th ed.) Section B-3: Define and provide examples of respondent and operant conditioning.
  • Let's break down a BCBA® mock exam question.Let's Break Down a BCBA® Mock Exam Question: Hypothesize the Function of Disruptive Behavior in Circle Time
    PTB co-founder Dana Meller breaks down a BCBA® mock exam question, exploring various possibilities, automatic, unconditioned, negative, and positive reinforcement, to better understand the reasons behind the behavior in this scenario. Refer to BCBA® Task List (5th ed.) Sections B-4: Define and provide examples of positive and negative reinforcement contingencies.; and G-1: Use positive and negative reinforcement procedures to strengthen behavior.
  • PTB co-founder Dana Meller addresses the impact of biases and stereotypes based on common attributes like skin color, gender, race, religion, and nationality, emphasizing the need for positive change and fairness in our responses toward others. Refer to BCBA® Task List (5th ed.) Section B-11: Define and provide examples of discrimination, generalization, and maintenance.An ABA Lens on Racial Inequality, Biases, and Stereotypes
    PTB co-founder Dana Meller addresses the impact of biases and stereotypes based on common attributes like skin color, gender, race, religion, and nationality, emphasizing the need for positive change and fairness in our responses toward others. Refer to BCBA® Task List (5th ed.) Section B-11: Define and provide examples of discrimination, generalization, and maintenance.
  • Dana Do's: Chain Chain Chain, Chain, Chain...
    Which chaining method goes with which behavior? Dana Meller offers some considerations that may help you answer that question on the exam. Refer to BCBA® Task List (5th ed.) Section Section G-8: Use chaining.
  • Dana Do's: If All Prompts Prompt Behavior, What's the Difference?
    If all prompts prompt behavior, how can you tell the different between stimulus and response prompts? PTB co-founder Dana Meller simplifies it with one word. Refer to BCBA® Task List (5th ed.) Section G-4: Use stimulus and response prompts and fading (e.g., errorless, most-to-least, least-to-most, prompt delay, stimulus fading).
  • Self-management: one process, two behaviors. PTB co-founder Dana Meller explains controlled vs controlling response, and shares real-life examples of how they are used together in self-management strategies.Dana Do's: Fun Fact. The Process of Self-Management Requires Two Behaviors
    Self-management: one process, two behaviors. PTB co-founder Dana Meller explains controlled vs controlling response, and shares real-life examples of how they are used together in self-management strategies.
  • ABA terms you need to know: group contingencies.Test your ABA Terminology ➠The Heroic Quest into Group Contingencies
    PTB co-founder Dana Meller dives into the three types of group contingencies, with a primary focus on one group type. Refer to BCBA® Task List (5th ed.) Section G-18: Use group contingencies.
  • PTB co-founder Dana Meller explores the concept of high-probability request sequences. Dana explains how this antecedent intervention technique is a valuable tool for significantly improving compliance and decreasing non-compliance. Refer to BCBA® Task List (5th ed.) Section: G-13: Use the high-probability instructional sequence.Revving Up for Compliance: Revealing the High-P Request Sequence Starting Lineup
    PTB co-founder Dana Meller explores the concept of high-probability request sequences. Dana explains how this antecedent intervention technique is a valuable tool for significantly improving compliance and decreasing non-compliance. Refer to BCBA® Task List (5th ed.) Section: G-13: Use the high-probability instructional sequence.
  • ABA terms you need to know: positive punishment vs. negative reinforcementABA Terminology ➠ Battle of Aversive Titans: Positive Punishment vs. Negative Reinforcement (G-1, G-16)
    Given the common confusion between terms due to their association with aversive events, PTB co-founder Dana Meller clarifies the distinction between positive punishment and negative reinforcement. Refer to BCBA® Task List (5th ed.) Sections G-1: Use positive and negative reinforcement; and G-16: Use positive and negative punishment (e.g., time-out, response cost, overcorrection). procedures to strengthen behavior.
  • Let's break down a BCBA® mock exam question about imitation training.Let's Break Down a BCBA® Mock Exam Question: Let's Get Physical with Imitation Training & Formal Similarity
    PTB co-founder Dana Meller reviews a BCBA® mock exam question that targets the essential aspects of imitation training, breaking down the four defining features of successful imitation and how these elements contribute to effective learning and skill acquisition. Refer to BCBA® Task List (5th ed.) Section G-5: Use modeling and imitation training.
  • PTB co-founder Dana Meller discusses the similarities and key distinctions between response and stimulus prompts, highlighting their role in prompting behavior. Also included, Dana shares effective prompt fading techniques and the temporary nature of prompts to achieve successful outcomes. BCBA® Task List (5th ed.) Section G-4: Use stimulus and response prompts and fading (e.g., errorless, most-to-least, least-to-most, prompt delay, stimulus fading).Test your ABA Terminology ➠ Response Prompt vs. Stimulus Prompt
    PTB co-founder Dana Meller discusses the similarities and key distinctions between response and stimulus prompts. BCBA® Task List (5th ed.) Section G-4: Use stimulus and response prompts and fading (e.g., errorless, most-to-least, least-to-most, prompt delay, stimulus fading).
  • PTB co-founder Dana Meller dives into the concept of enhancing reinforcement schedules by adding an extra criterion to motivate quicker and more accurate responses. Refer to BCBA® Task List (5th ed.) Section G-8: Use chaining.Boosting Speed & Accuracy with Reinforcement Schedule Parameters
    PTB co-founder Dana Meller dives into the concept of enhancing reinforcement schedules by adding an extra criterion to motivate quicker and more accurate responses. Refer to BCBA® Task List (5th ed.) Section G-8: Use chaining.
  • ABA terms you need to know: self managementSelf Evaluate Your Understanding of ABA Terminology ➠ Self Management
    Explore the world of self-management with PTB co-founder Dana Meller as she discusses how controlled responses and self-controlling behaviors lead to improved behavior. Refer to BCBA® Task List (5th ed.) Section G-20: Use self-management strategies.
  • Let's break down a BCBA® mock exam question about stimulus equivalence.Let's Break Down a BCBA® Mock Exam Question: Analyzing Untrained Reverse Relations in Stimulus Equivalence
    PTB co-founder Dana Meller breaks down a BCBA® mock exam question about the concept of stimulus equivalence, focusing on the one that leads to an untrained relation with a reverse relation. Refer to BCBA® Task List (5th ed.) Section G-12: Use equivalence-based instruction.
  • Let's break down a BCBA® mock exam question about extinction procedure.Let's Break Down a BCBA® Mock Exam Question: This Factor Won't Derail Extinction Procedure Success
    PTB co-founder Dana Meller has an exciting challenge for all of you behavior-change enthusiasts as she reviews a BCBA® mock exam question centered on extinction procedures. Refer to BCBA® Task List (5th ed.) Section G-15: Use extinction.
  • Let's break down a BCBA® mock exam question about chaining.Let's Break Down a BCBA® Mock Exam Question: Level Up Your Chaining Game for Maximum Efficiency & Natural SR+
    PTB co-founder Dana Meller reviews and breaks down in detail a BCBA® mock exam question about different chaining methods in behavior analysis. Refer to BCBA® Task List (5th ed.) Section G-8: Use chaining.
  • Sharpen your understanding of self-management with PTB co-founder Dana Meller as she highlights the two crucial behaviors involved in self-management. Refer to BCBA® Task List (5th ed.) Section G-20: Use self-management strategies.Awaken Your Inner Boss: Self Management for Behavior Change Champions
    Sharpen your understanding of self-management with PTB co-founder Dana Meller as she highlights the two crucial behaviors involved in self-management. Refer to BCBA® Task List (5th ed.) Section G-20: Use self-management strategies.
  • PTB co-founder Dana Meller discusses the two types of shaping procedures, one of which teaches novel behaviors and the other improves existing behaviors. Refer to BCBA® Task List (5th ed.) Section G-7: Use shaping.ABA Terminology ➠ The Dynamic Duo of Behavior Transformation via Shaping Procedures
    PTB co-founder Dana Meller discusses the two types of shaping procedures, one of which teaches novel behaviors and the other improves existing behaviors. Refer to BCBA® Task List (5th ed.) Section G-7: Use shaping.
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