HomeBxLogDana Do'sDana Do’s: What Does “Control” Mean in a Functional Analysis Dana Do’s: What Does “Control” Mean in a Functional Analysis June 5, 2025 Behavior analysts are always throwing around the word “control.” So let’s make sure that you really understand what that means, specifically when it comes to functional analysis. Control is something that’s established when behavior reliably increases or decreases, depending on the specific test or control conditions that are presented. Simply put, it means that the assessor has control over the behavior. Meaning, they can turn the behavior on and they can turn it off. For example, in the demand condition, if the function of the behavior is actually escape, the behavior should be turned on. Meaning, it occurs when a demand is placed and then turned off, meaning it stops when the demand is removed. If this occurs repeatedly during the FA in this condition, then control is exhibited in the demand condition. Control is exactly what it sounds like, controlling the behavior to prove what the function. In the attention condition, for example, if the behavior is actually maintained by attention, then diverting or removing attention turns the behavior on. Giving the attention back turns it off. Again, if this happens repeatedly during the FA in this condition, then control is exhibited in the attention condition. 6th Edition TCOF. Behavior Assessment F.6 Design and evaluate functional analyses. BEPWControlFunctional AnalysisMini Mocks F Related Content Dana Do's: Key Differences Between Ratio Strain and Breaking Point Confused about ratio strain vs. breaking point? Learn how abrupt changes in reinforcement can lead to avoidance and aggression (ratio strain), while increased effort with no change in reinforcement can cause behavior to stop altogether (breaking point). Dana Do's: Understanding All the Types of Validity in ABA ABA has multiple types of validity—internal, external, social, and measurement validity—but how do you keep them straight? PTB founder Dana Meller can help.Dana Do's: How to Determine Preference of Tested Stimuli How do you determine the relative preference of tested stimuli during trial-based preference assessments? PTB Founder Dana Meller breaks it down.Trial-based FA A variation of the functional analysis that uses a trial-based format to evaluate the occurrence and nonoccurrence of challenging behaviors given the presentation of an opportunity (trial) to emit the…Stimulus preference assessment A collection of assessment activities used to identify preferred stimuli that are likely to function as reinforcers.Tandem schedules of reinforcement A compound schedule of reinforcement in which two or more un-signaled (no SD) basic schedules of reinforcement are in effect and must be met successively for the response to contact…Tangible function When the source of reinforcement for a behavior is access to specific socially mediated tangible items.Synthesized FA A variation of the functional analysis that uses an Interview Informed Synthesized Contingency Analysis (IISCA) to hypothesize the contingencies that may maintain challenging behavior and then testing those hypothesized contingencies.Tangible condition A test condition in a functional analysis that assesses for the socially mediated positive reinforcement (access to tangibles) function. In this condition, the assessor presents the client access to individualized…Standardized tests An assessment instrument with empirically established validity and reliability that compares a client’s results to the normative levels of the population for whom the specific test was designed.Single stimulus preference assessment A stimulus preference assessment in which the client is presented with one stimulus at a time; and the client’s response to each individual stimulus is recorded.Scatterplot recording A direct and descriptive measurement and assessment method that uses interval data to display behavior patterns during specific periods and used to assess the times and/or activities during which challenging…Reinforcer assessment A collection of assessment activities that test preferred stimuli to determine their effectiveness as reinforcers for specific target behaviors by measuring increases in target behaviors contingent on the immediate presentation…Relevance of behavior rule A rule that the behavior change prioritized for treatment must be meaningful for the client and relevant individuals in the client’s life.Rating scales An indirect assessment method in which individuals knowledgeable about the occurrence of the behavior of interest and the relevant environmental variables, answer questions by making selections from a closed set…Progressive-ratio schedule reinforcer assessment A reinforcer assessment that identifies the relative effectiveness of a potential reinforcer when response requirements are progressively increased until a breaking point is reached (i.e., responding decreases or stops).Prerequisite behavior The necessary components skills of any behavior needed to perform a specific behavior.Precursor FA A variation of the functional analysis that analyzes the precursors to challenging behavior (i.e., responses that reliably occur close in time before the challenging behavior). Each trial is terminated as…Pivotal behavior Trained behaviors that, when acquired, can result in or lead to the acquisition of new, untrained behaviors.Paired stimuli preference assessment A stimulus preference assessment in which the client is asked to choose between sets of two stimuli that are presented simultaneously. The client’s choices and how often each item is…Normalization/Mainstreaming The belief that individuals with disabilities should be physically and socially integrated into mainstream society, environments, and procedures to the maximum extent possible. The expectations should be more aligned with…Multiple schedule reinforcer assessment A reinforcer assessment that identifies the most effective contingency for reinforcement when two or more component schedules of reinforcement (FI, FR, VI, VR) are available for one behavior, with only…Multiple stimuli preference assessment A stimulus preference assessment in which the client is presented with three or more stimuli at the same time, and the client’s choices are recorded.Multiple stimuli with replacement preference assessment (MSWI) A stimulus preference assessment in which the client is presented with three or more stimuli at the same time, and the client’s choices are recorded. The chosen stimulus remains in…Multiple stimuli without replacement preference assessment (MSWO) A stimulus preference assessment in which the client is presented with three or more stimuli at the same time, and the client’s choices are recorded. The chosen stimulus is removed…Naturalistic free operant stimulus preference assessment A stimulus preference assessment conducted in a client’s everyday environment, during which the client is given noncontingent access to all of the stimuli in their natural environment while an assessor…Natural settings FA A variation of the functional analysis conducted in natural settings to explore the relevant stimuli present in natural settings that can impact challenging behavior.In-the-moment reinforcer analysis A reinforcer assessment used to make an in-the-moment determination about potential reinforcers by examining a client’s affect/emotional response (e.g. laughing, smiling, neutral face, frowning, crying, etc.) and noting if there…Latency-based FA A variation of the functional analysis that measures the time between the presence of an EO to the onset of the challenging behavior. Each trial is terminated as soon as…Indirect FBA Functional behavior assessment activities that aim to identify the events in the natural setting that correlate with the behavior of interest by collecting information from individuals who know the individual…Habilitation Providing treatment to promote the development of an adaptive repertoire with behaviors that are maximized by short- and long-term reinforcers and minimized by short- and long-term punishers.Functional behavior assessment (FBA) The methods and activities used by behavior analysts to gather information about the function of problem behavior, the results of which are used to guide goal setting and interventions for…Functions of behavior The four main sources of reinforcement for any wanted or unwanted behavior.Functional analysis (FA) A functional assessment activity during which the antecedents and consequences in the client’s natural environment are arranged and systematically manipulated so that their individual effects on challenging behavior can be…FA alone condition (aka: No interaction) A test condition in a functional analysis that assesses for the automatic reinforcement function. In this condition, the client is placed alone in a room, or if there is an…FA contingent attention condition A test condition in a functional analysis that assesses for a socially mediated positive reinforcement function. In this condition the client is initially deprived of attention and attention is delivered…FA contingent escape condition A test condition in a functional analysis that assesses for the socially mediated negative reinforcement (escape) function. In this condition, a non-preferred demand is presented and removed for a predetermined…FA control condition The non-test condition of a functional analysis, against which behavior in the test conditions is compared. In this condition, free time and leisure materials are freely available to the client…Escape function When the source of reinforcement for a behavior is escaping a socially mediated stimulus that is aversive to the individual.Ecological assessment A direct functional behavior assessment procedure that looks at the complex environmental relationships of every element of an individual’s life to assess physiological, social, and home-based conditions and an individual’s…Discrepancy analysis A comparison of an individual’s behavior to same-age, typically developing peers to determine if a challenging behavior is at problematic levels or appropriate for that age or context. Hint: Not…Eliminative approach An approach to behavior analytic treatment that eliminates challenging behaviors without building replacement skills in their place.Direct FBA Functional behavior assessment activities that directly interact and measure events in the natural setting that correlate with the behavior of interest.Descriptive FBA A direct assessment, requiring direct observation of a behavior in naturally occurring conditions, to identify the environmental events associated with the behavior in order to hypothesize a function.Cultural identity The occurrence of specific stimuli and response classes, related to things like race, socioeconomic class, age, religion, sexual orientation, ethnicity, disability, nationality, and geographic context, that a person identifies with…Criterion-referenced assessment (CRA) An assessment that measures performance against a set of predetermined developmental tasks and commonly accepted criteria for specific developmental levels, measuring the presence, absence, or emergence of developmentally appropriate tasks.Curriculum-based assessment (CBA) An assessment of performance levels on specific tasks or lessons (e.g., motor, language, cognition, self-help or academic skills) often used by teachers in educational settings.Contrived free operant stimulus preference assessment A stimulus preference assessment in which a client’s environment is filled with a variety of potentially preferred stimuli. The client is then given noncontingent access to all of the stimuli…Concurrent schedule reinforcer assessment A reinforcer assessment that identifies the contingency that is most effective as a reinforcer (i.e., which produces the most responding) when two or more contingencies operate on two or more…Conditional probability A formula that generates information from ABC recording to assess the statistical possibility that a target behavior will occur under specific antecedent and/or consequence conditions.Constructional approach An approach to behavioral treatment that includes building replacement behaviors when the behavior intervention aims to eliminate challenging behavior.Component behaviors The building block skills needed for the development of a more complex skill.Code’s definition of legally authorized representative Any individual authorized under law to provide consent on behalf of an individual who cannot provide consent to receive services or participate in research.Code’s definition of stakeholder An individual, other than the client, who is impacted by and invested in the behavior analyst’s services (e.g., parent, caregiver, relative, legally authorized representative, collaborator, employer, agency or institutional representatives,…Behavior checklist An indirect assessment method administered using checklists to gather descriptions of the referral behavior and the relevant antecedents and consequences, as well as information about the frequency, duration, or intensity…Behavioral interview An indirect assessment method used to identify potential target behaviors and the client’s and relevant individual’s primary concerns by asking about the client’s home environment,family dynamics, social history, community involvement,…Breaking point When during a progressive-ratio schedule reinforcer assessment, responding decreases or stops due to response requirements exceeding the relative effectiveness of the reinforcement schedule.Brief FA A variation of the functional analysis conducted over a shorter period of time by decreasing the duration of each analyzed condition.Behavior cusp Behaviors that, when acquired, result in the individual accessing new environments and, therefore, new stimulus controls and contingencies (i.e., reinforcement).Asking stimulus preference assessment A stimulus preference assessment in which an assessor asks the client or relevant individuals about the client’s specific preferences or offers the client a pre-task choice from items identified as…Attention function When the source of reinforcement for a behavior is access to socially mediated attention.Automatic reinforcement function When the source of reinforcement for a behavior is self-mediated access to specific reinforcement or escape from aversive stimuli.ABC continuous recording A direct and descriptive measurement and assessment procedure in which instances of a naturally occurring target behavior and the specific environmental events (antecedents and consequences) accompanying the behavior are recorded.…ABC narrative recording A direct and descriptive measurement, and assessment procedure in which instances of a naturally occurring target behavior and the specific environmental events (antecedents and consequences) accompanying the behavior are recorded.…Dana Do's: Six Direct Assessment Methods Looking to review direct assessment methods? PTB founder Dana Meller gets right to it with this quick explainer.Dana Do's: Exploring the Four Types of Reinforcer Assessments PTB founder Dana Meller discusses reinforcer assessments, which should not be confused with stimulus preference assessments.Dana Do's: Nine Considerations for Prioritizing Target Behaviors PTB founder breaks down each of the nine considerations for prioritizing target behaviors.Dana Do's: All the Validities in ABA, Explained PTB founder Dana Meller helps connect each of the validities to the validity of this explanation.Dana Do's: Will Reinforcer Assessments be on the BCBA® Exam? The Test Content Outline includes preference assessments. But, it doesn't mention reinforcer assessments. Does that mean that reinforcer assessments will not be on the exam? Test your ABA Terminology ➠ Functional Assessment Procedures Focusing on ABC data collection, PTB founder Dana Meller discusses functional assessment procedures. Dana explains how to generate mathematical probabilities for target behaviors based on specific antecedents and consequences, providing a step-by-step guide to quantitatively analyzing the gathered information.Test your ABA Terminology ➠ Compound Schedules of Reinforcement Test your knowledge with PTB founder Dana Meller as she reviews one of the compound schedules of reinforcement without Sᴰs. Refer to BCBA® Task List (5th ed.) Section B-5: Define and provide examples of schedules of reinforcement.Dana Do's: Struggling to Link IRT with DRL and DRH? PTB founder Dana Meller breaks down how interresponse time (IRT) fits into differential reinforcement procedures—specifically spaced responding versions of DRL and DRH.Dana Do's: When to Use Which IOA Formula Having difficulty knowing when to use which IOA formula? PTB Founder Dana Meller breaks it down.5 Tips for More Organized BCBA® Exam Prep The journey to exam day can get a little chaotic. To combat feeling overwhelmed, it’s important to have management strategies in place. To help you get your exam prep in order, PTB has rounded up 5 tips for better organization.Dana Do's: Understanding the Difference Between Differential Reinforcement Procedures PTB founder Dana Meller clears up the key difference between differential reinforcement procedures.Dana Do's: What Does “Control” Mean in a Functional Analysis What do behavior analysts mean when they talk about control? PTB founder Dana Meller dishes on how to define this ABA term, specifically when it comes to functional analysis.Three Mindfulness Exercises to Alleviate Studying Stress Mindfulness… You’ve probably heard the term before, but what does it really mean? While it can refer to a specific type of meditation, mindfulness can also be an everyday practice…Dana Do's: How to Tell the Difference Between Applied and Effective Dimensions on BCBA®/BCaBA Exam Questions PTB founder Dana Meller breaks down two often-confused ABA dimensions—applied and effective to explain how to tell them apart. Four Tips for Summer Studying Studying for the BCBA® exam this summer? PTB shares four easy, seasonal tips to help you stay on track—without missing out on the sunshine and fun.How Much Does it Cost to Take (Or Retake) the BCBA® Exam? If you’re gearing up for the next phase of your certification journey, chances are, you’re wondering what sort of investment it requires. So, how much does it actually cost to take the BCBA® exam? Let’s crunch the numbers.Dana Do's: Why Taking the BCBA® Exam Just for Practice is a Risky Strategy There’s a growing trend among candidates to take the BCBA® exam to get a baseline. But is it a smart move? Before you commit, consider the data and the impact.Dana Do's: How to Tell the Difference Between SD vs. S-Delta on the BCBA® Exam PTB founder Dana Meller breaks down the role reinforcement plays (or doesn't play) in two core ABA concepts: SD (discriminative stimulus) and S-delta. Dana Do's: Do MOs Only Affect Behavior in the Moment? Do motivating operations (MOs) only influence behavior in the moment? Not quite. Learn more about behavior-altering effects and functional-altering effects that shape future behavior. Using relatable examples, PTB founder Dana Meller breaks down how MOs impact reinforcement value now—and in the long run.Dana Do's: How the BACB® Scores the BCBA® Exam Learn how the BCBA® exam is scored, and what score you should aim for to improve your chances of passing.Dana Do's: Avoid BCBA® Exam Scams Avoid BCBA® exam scams on social media. Learn how to spot fake offers, protect your money, and stay ethical in your test prep.Dana Do's: Breaking Down a BCBA®/BCaBA® Mock Exam Question About Operational Definitions PTB founder Dana Meller answers a follower request for an explanation around a mock question posted on social about the impact of an incomplete operational definition on trustworthy measurement.BCBA® Exam Study Tips: BDS and PTB Take Exam Candidates Beyond the Modules and the Study Manual Preparing for the BCBA® exam can feel overwhelming, but expert guidance can make all the difference. Dana Meller, founder of Pass the Big ABA Exam, and Dr. Stephen Eversole, founder of Behavior Development Solutions, share decades of exam prep insights. Their discussion covers essential strategies for success—not just to pass the exam, but to become a skilled and ethical behavior analyst.Access Free BCBA®/BCaBA® Exam Prep Resources Not all BCBA® exam prep is equal—quality matters. Check out PTB's free, reliable study materials, mock questions, and guides to help you Pass the Big ABA Exam.Dana Do's: Two Procedures for Calculating Duration If you’re looking for data on how long a behavior occurs, duration is the name of the game. However, as PTB founder Dana Meller explains, there are two methods for ensuring and reporting duration that future BCBA®s need to know. Dana Do’s: A Simple Explanation on the Different Types of Simple Discriminations PTB founder Dana Meller makes it simple with an explainer on the types of simple discriminations and important differences to keep in mind.Dana Do's: Radical Behaviorism's Origin Story If you too are confused about radical behaviorism, then this is for you. PTB founder Dana Meller explains behaviorism, with a twist.Dana Do's: Key Words to Watch For on the Big Exam PTB founder Dana Meller shares some key words to watch for when breaking down test questions around compound schedules on the BCBA®/BCaBA® exam.Dana Do's: Confused About Extinction and Negative Punishment? PTB founder Dana Meller clears up the common confusion between extinction and negative punishment.Dana Do's: How to Discriminate Between Extraneous and Confounding Variables Extraneous and confounding variables are the same, but different. PTB founder Dana Meller breaks it down.Dana Do's: How to Use the Ethics Code to Help Answer Questions on the BCBA® Exam PTB founder Dana Meller illustrates how using the ethics Code can help BCBA/BCaBA exam candidates identify the correct answer on exam questions.Dana Do's: Clearing Up the Confusion Over Shaping and Chaining in ABA Shaping and chaining are strategies for teaching complex behaviors that are often confused. PTB founder Dana Meller makes the differences clear. Dana Do's: Fun Fact About Using DRA You know how the textbooks say that there are two parts to differential reinforcement, one being reinforcement for the desired behavior and the other extinction for the target behavior? Applying…Dana Do's: Socially Significant Information Social significance is such a buzzword ABA. PTB founder Dana Meller breaks down all the different areas in which social significance is important. Dana Do's: The Distinction Between Analysis Types and Experimental Designs What’s the difference between parametric, component, and comparative analyses? And what do experimental designs have to do with it? PTB founder Dana Meller clears up the confusion with a deep dive into analysis variations.Dana Do's: How to Prepare for the Transition to the BACB® 6th Edition Test Content Outline With the 6th Edition transition weeks away, many BCBA®/BCaBA® exam candidates are uncertain about how to best prepare. PTB founder Dana Meller is here with advice on how 5th Ed. students can plan to Beat the Odds and navigate the new 6th Ed. Test Content Outline (TCO).Big Exam Prep Workshop PTB’s Big Exam Prep Workshop is a live, interactive 6-week intensive (with up to 14 weeks of access to online materials, subject to registration). Integrating behavior analytic strategies, this hands-on masterclass breaks down the BACB® 6th Edition Test Content Outline, harnessing PTB’s signature formula for organizing and structuring BCBA® exam prep. Dana Do's: What's the Difference Between Continuous and Discontinuous Measurement? It’s all too easy to mix up continuous and discontinuous measurement procedures. Need some help discriminating between the two? Get clarity with help from PTB founder Dana Meller.You Got This: 5 Tips to Build Up Your Test-Taking Confidence Exam day can shake even the most self-assured candidate but it’s important to feel secure in yourself and your skills. Looking to up your confidence before sitting for the Big…Dana Do's: Considerations for Exam Questions Related to the Use of Punishment Punishment is known to have a quick impact on behavior, but there are ethical implications which makes it very controversial. PTB founder Dana Meller offers some considerations when encountering exam questions related to punishment.Dana Do's: Tips for Test Questions About Functional Analysis Tripped up trying to make correct discriminations when it comes to functional analysis? PTB founder Dana Meller has some tips to help you answer those tricky exam questions. Dana Do's: Exploring the Forms and Functions of Noncontingent Reinforcements (NCR) Let’s talk contingency independent antecedent intervention… Or, in simpler terms, NCR. Get the scoop on this non-invasive procedure with a quick explainer from PTB founder Dana Meller.Dana Do's: What to Do the Night Before the Big Exam Some advice about what to do the night before the BCBA®/BCaBA® exam from PTB founder Dana Meller.Five Ways to Help Offset the Cost of Certification Becoming a certified BCBA® is a big investment—not just in time and effort, but financially, too. From exam fees to study materials, costs can add up fast. The good news? There are ways to make the journey more budget-friendly. PTB has rounded up five practical tips to help you save money on your path to certification.The 5 Elements of an Effective Study Plan If you’re on the path to the BCBA®/BCaBA® exam and looking to get a plan in place, look no further. PTB has five tips to help you devise an effective schedule to help you Beat the Odds.7 Tips for Maximizing Test Prep Preparing for the BCBA® exam is a marathon, not a sprint. To stay on track and make your study sessions more effective, it’s important to set yourself up for success. From creating a functional study space to finding moments for on-the-go prep, small adjustments can make a big impact. Explore practical strategies that can help maximize your test prep and keep burnout at bay.Dana Do's: Extinguished Behaviors Resurge When reinforcement for the alternative replacement behavior is discontinued, extinction for the alternative behavior can resurge. The BACB® 6th Edition: Assessing All the Changes The Behavior Analyst Certification Board's (BACB®) transition from the 5th to the 6th Edition of the BCBA® exam began January 2025. While many of the fundamentals remain unchanged, the 6th Edition introduces new terminology, expanded domains, and a stronger emphasis on cultural humility and inclusion. This article breaks down the key updates and explains what BCBA® candidates need to know to prepare effectively for exam.Rest Assured: Four Tips for Better Sleep Before the Big Exam Studying for the BCBA® exam and feeling sleep-deprived? Quality rest is key to staying focused and retaining information, but it’s often the first thing to suffer when life gets busy. If you’re struggling to unwind, PTB has rounded up a few tips to help you sleep more soundly and stay refreshed on your exam journey.Dana Do's: 7 Steps of Evidence-Based Supervision PTB founder Dana Meller clarifies the specific steps for evidence-based supervision, not to be confused with behavior skills training. Dana Do's: What is the Difference Between Trial-Based and Free-Operant Teaching Arrangements? Not too sure about discriminating between the different teaching arrangements? Not to worry. PTB founder Dana Meller is here to explain trial-based vs free operant procedures.6 Science-Backed Tips for Improving Your Memory Being able to recall information, facts, concepts, and terms is essential for the exam. If you find your memory slips from time to time, or you struggle to remember when put on the spot, try these six tips for building your memory muscle.ABA in Your Day-to-Day: Products That Use the Power of Behavior Principles The principles behind behavior analysis (ABA) are everywhere– if you know what to look for. It probably wouldn’t surprise a BCBA® (or future BCBA®) to know that ABA inspires everyday products that help people live healthier, more productive lives. Here are some favorites.Dana Do's: The ABCs of Breaking Down BCBA® Exam Test Questions If you need help breaking down test questions, there's a simple tool you can use to eliminate the risk of making assumptions on the BCBA® exam. Dana Do's: Has Your Coursework Left You Unprepared for the BCBA® Exam? If your coursework left you unprepared for the BCBA exam, PTB co-founder Dana Meller offers some ideas of how to avoid the hamster wheel of multiple exam retakes.Dana Do's: What's the Difference Between Response vs. Stimulus Prompts? If a response prompt and a stimulus prompt both prompt correct responses, what is the difference?Beat the Odds: 5 Tips You Need If You’re Retaking the Exam Retaking the BCBA® exam? Don't be discouraged. Passing the exam is challenging for many. If you're preparing for another attempt, PTB has five essential tips to help you beat the odds and succeed this time around.Dana Do's: What Should I Do If I Don't Pass the BCBA® Exam? If you're retaking the exam and you don't know how to proceed with studying again, PTB co-founder Dana Meller has some suggestions that you might want to consider. Dana Do's: Why BCBA® Exam Retakers Should Ignore the Score Report PTB's retaker philosophy has not changed since we first began BCBA® test prep in 2012. In fact, the philosophy has only been reinforced over the years as retaker pass rates continue to drop. If you're retaking the exam, you need to hear this advice from PTB co-founder Dana Meller.3.14 Tips to Make Exam Prep as Easy as Pi Setting goals when developing a study strategy is important, but even more important is setting goals that are rational, realistic, and manageable. Here are three tips to help.Dana Do's: How to Discriminate What 'Is' or 'Is Not' Behavior in BCBA® Exam Questions There is a struggle with identifying what is or is not a behavior when it comes to BCBA® exam questions. PTB co-founder Dana Meller offers some simple yet critical ways to make those discriminations.Dana Do's: Do Alternative Behaviors Need to be Functionally Equivalent? Do alternative behaviors always have to be functionally equivalent to the target behavior that we're trying to reduce or eliminate? PTB founder Dana Meller breaks it down.Dana Do's: And Just Like That, Context and Application for TCO Domain Items How does going to ABA conferences help you pass the BCBA® exam? PTB founder Dana Meller recalls her student journey and the "a-ha moment" when she realized, attending forced her to generalize what she was studying, in context. Suddenly, ABA terminology was no longer a foreign language she was trying to master.Dana Do's: How to Determine Value vs. Behavior Altering Effect A motivating operation is not a thing that you hold in your hand. It is the state or condition of being deprived of something or satiated with something. PTB co-founder Dana Meller dives into the in-the-moment effects to help explain the difference.PTB Partner Spotlight: In Conversation with APBA’s CEO, Dr. Tyra Sellers An industry veteran who watched the field of applied behavior analysis (ABA) grow into what it is today, Dr. Tyra Sellers, J.D., Ph.D., BCBA-D joined the Association of Professional Behavior Analysts (APBA) in January 2023 as CEO. Her first ABA certification came before the Behavior Analyst Certification Board (BACB) even existed. Some years later, as fate would have it, Sellers found herself at the BACB, serving as the director of the ethics department. Now, she is bringing her knowledge and experience to the distinguished organization with a strategy that is focused on access, education and community.Dana Do's: Cracking the Ethics Code on Consent vs. Assent The ethics code asks behavior analysts to obtain informed consent before starting a treatment plan. But…what does that entail? PTB founder Dana Meller breaks down informed consent, assent, and the ethics elements you need to know. Refer to Code Standard 2.11 Obtaining Informed ConsentDana Do's: Discriminating Between Masking and Overshadowing PTB co-founder Dana Meller offers detailed examples to help students better discriminate between two often confusing concepts: masking vs. overshadowing.Dana Do's: Chain Chain Chain, Chain, Chain... Which chaining method goes with which behavior? Dana Meller offers some considerations that may help you answer that question on the exam. Refer to BCBA® Task List (5th ed.) Section Section G-8: Use chaining. Dana Do's: Confused About Automatic and Socially Mediated Reinforcement? It’s not wrong to associate sterotypic behaviors with automatic reinforcement— but there are other factors to consider. PTB co-founder Dana Meller offers a quick explainer to clear up the confusion.Dana Do's: If All Prompts Prompt Behavior, What's the Difference? If all prompts prompt behavior, how can you tell the different between stimulus and response prompts? PTB co-founder Dana Meller simplifies it with one word. Refer to BCBA® Task List (5th ed.) Section G-4: Use stimulus and response prompts and fading (e.g., errorless, most-to-least, least-to-most, prompt delay, stimulus fading).Dana Do's: Fun Fact. The Process of Self-Management Requires Two Behaviors Self-management: one process, two behaviors. PTB co-founder Dana Meller explains controlled vs controlling response, and shares real-life examples of how they are used together in self-management strategies. The Path(s) to Becoming a BCBA® Currently, there are four paths to meet the eligibility requirements, though it’s important to note that the BACB® will be revising the pathways in 2027.What is a BCBA® Certification and Why Get One? The Board Certified Behavior Analyst® exam (or, BCBA® exam) is a graduate-level certification in behavior analysis administered by the Behavior Analyst Certification Board® (BACB).Beat the Odds: Factors that Impact Performance on the BCBA® Exam Though the exam may be difficult, it’s not impossible to achieve a passing score. There are several ways students can improve their chances and beat the odds. The right preparation is essential.How Hard is it to Pass the BCBA® Exam? The question every future BCBA® inevitably asks: how hard is it to pass the BCBA® exam? If you’ve heard the stories or seen the data, then you know the exam has a reputation for being difficult. Ask around and you’ll likely hear that it’s sort of like running a marathon. But barefoot, on broken glass, in a giant corn maze, guarded by storm troopers and you can’t remember where you left your lightsaber…oh, and your headphones just died. Dana Do's: What Do Philosophical Assumptions Got To Do With It? It often feels like the board is asking candidates to study concepts you may never use in practice. PTB founder Dana Meller explains why that's actually inaccurate. The philosophical assumptions underlying the science of behavior analysis is so much more integral than just passing the big exam.10 Positive Effects From Prioritizing Self-Care Self-care. It’s a bit of a broad term, and a total buzzword these days. It’s often used in the context of bubble baths and “unplugging.” But, at its core, self-care is about more than just “me-time.” It’s about taking care of yourself in a way that works best for you and your lifestyle. 5 Ways to Make the Big Exam Feel Less Scary Preparing for the BCBA® exam can be daunting, but with these five tips, you can ease the stress. From studying smart to planning for the unexpected, these strategies will help you feel confident and ready on exam day.Dana Do's: Feeling Isolated on ABA Island The life of a behavior professional can be rewarding, but it can also be a little lonely. PTB co-founder Dana Meller shares her experience with overcoming isolation with some recommendations for students and current BCBAs.Desk Yoga: 7 Stretches for Your Next Study Session Long days and even longer study sessions, can leave your back and neck feeling stiff. Luckily, PTB has just the thing: 7 desk-friendly, do-anywhere yoga moves. While it can’t replace your regular yoga routine, these stretches can help you reset your mind and body when you’re glued to your desk (or couch, or kitchen chair). 5 Science-Backed Tips to Make Your Study Space More Soothing Transform your study space into a soothing environment with these five science-backed tips. Keep Calm and Study On: 6 Strategies for Managing Test Prep Stress It goes without saying that studying for the BCBA® exam is stressful. The experience can fray the nerves of even the most level-headed student. If you’re feeling the test prep pressure, not to worry, PTB is here with six tips for managing stress while studying.From PTB’s Test (Prep) Kitchens: A Brain-Boosting Berry Smoothie It’s important to fuel your brain and body with nutritious food that will give you the energy to power through long days and even longer study sessions.Dana Do's: What Chaining Method to Use When? The books don't really say much about what chaining methods BCBA's should apply to what behaviors. PTB co-founder Dana Meller breaks it down. Refer to BCBA® Task List (5th ed.) Section G-8: Use chaining.Behind the Scenes of the PTB Streaming Lecture Series Known for her trademark humor and clinical knowledge, PTB co-founder Dana Meller takes students behind the scenes of creating the PTB Streaming Lecture Series, a collection of 9 pre-recorded lectures covering each of the BACB® 6th Edition Test Content Outline.Dana Do's: What are the Markers of a Good Supervisor? PTB founder Dana Meller identifies the markers of being a good supervisor. Dana Do's: Yes, Verbs Are Clues That Can Help You Prep for the BCBA® Exam PTB co-founder Dana Meller shares how the verbs used in the Test Content Outline can provide you with significant clues for effective studying. By examining TCO verbs, you can actually determine the specific type of discrimination required in your studies. Learn how understanding these verbs can guide your preparation and better equip you for success on the big exam.5 Test-Taking Tips to Help You Pass the BCBA® Exam Prepare for success on exam day with these five tips.6 Science-Backed Study Tips for Your Next Study Session From switching up your study environment to quizzing yourself, these strategies will help improve focus, memory, and retention on the exam.Add to Cart: PTB’s Study Essentials When it comes to test-prep, you need the right tools for the job. PTB has compiled a must-have list of study supplies so you can stock up on your next…Dana Do's: How to Decode the BACB® Ethics Code on Exam Questions PTB founder Dana Meller suggests that memorizing the sections of the BACB® Ethics Code for Behavior Analysts will in fact help you make correct discriminations when prepping for the BCBA® exam. Dana Do's: Why BCBA® and BCaBA® Retaker Odds are Lower There's a danger of studying only the score report. PTB founder Dana Meller offers insight on why it's important to study like a test virgin.Dana Do's: That Feeling of Freaking Out Over the BCBA® Exam Everyone feels like they won't pass the BCBA® exam, not just you. PTB co-founder Dana Meller talks about the experiences her students share as they prep for the exam. And surprise surprise, you are not alone in feeling scared, dealing with the pressures of everyday life, and trying to negotiate so many variables. If that's you and you're struggling, the good news is that it's temporary. And the payoff, that is fantastic.Dana Do's: Imagine the Test Content Outline is a Jigsaw Puzzle PTB founder, Dana Meller treats the Test Content Outline like a puzzle, and so should you. All the domain items are interconnected. To be exam ready, you need all the pieces, and every piece needs to be in place. Dana Do's: Looking at the World Behavior Analytically Why should you look at the world behavior analytically? Because it will help you build ABA fluency.Dana Do's: Get Your M.A.C. Skills Together PTB co-founder Dana Meller offers a key to building fluency and BCBA® exam readiness. Memorization. Application. Comprehension. Dana Do's: Dealing with the Frustration of Failing the BCBA® Exam PTB founder Dana Meller offers some unsolicited advice for candidates who have experienced the frustration of failing the BCBA® exam by only a few points. Dana Do's: Why You're Not Passing the BCBA® Exam PTB cofounder Dana Meller helps candidates retaking the exam consider a functional approach to defining the obstacles holding them back. Dana Do's: BCBA® Exam Prep Short Cuts Don't Work PTB founder Dana Meller talks about avoiding shortcuts in your exam prep. Becoming a BCBA® is not just about passing the Big exam, it is about taking on a professional identity. Dana Do's: The Importance of Speaking ABA PTB co-founder Dana Meller shares the importance of speaking ABA and being able to fluently read and understand the Cooper text in order to pass the big exam.Dana Do's: Understanding the ABC's of Behavior Used to Break Down Test Questions PTB founder Dana Meller shares how our ABA superpowers can be used to break down exam questions to organize BCBA® exam prep.Dana Do's: Put On Your BACB® Board Hat Want to know what to study for the BCBA® exam? PTB co-founder Dana Meller reminds candidates that the exam is a knowledge assessment, not a skill assessment.Dana Do's: BCBA® Exam Prep Studying Tips PTB co-founder Dana Meller shares helpful tips about incorporating studying into your already busy lives. Dana Do's: Use Mistakes to Assess How You Test PTB founder Dana Meller shares insights on how to use your mock BCBA® exam mistakes to assess and improve your test-taking behavior. Dana Do's: The Scientific Goals of Behavior Analysis PTB co-founder Dana Meller takes on the first portion of the Task List with a quick lesson about section A-1. The secret sauce for understanding the goal of behavior analysis? It all comes down to description, prediction, and control.Attention, Please... Master Your Understanding of This Original FA Condition PTB co-founder Dana Meller breaks down the original condition of functional analysis (FA) and the initial withholding of attention. Refer to BCBA® Task List (5th ed.) Section F-8: Conduct a functional analysis of problem behavior.
